Learning Temperance in Homer’s Odyssey Essay -- Odyssey

Learning Temperance in Homer’s Odyssey Being a work of importance in the western tradition of philosophy, The Odyssey is much more than some play written by Homer ages ago. Though The Odyssey certainly is a dramatic work and partially intended for entertainment, it also provides insight into the ways of thinking of the time it has been written in. Aside from illustrating the perspective of early Greek philosophy The Odyssey also raises certain questions pertaining to virtues and the morality of actions undertaken therein. Such questions and the pursuit of their answers may also lead to a better understanding of the actions taken in present-day society and the human condition in general. One of the virtues that is present throughout The Odyssey is temperance, or the lack thereof. In the course of Odysseus' journey, numerous events take place which are determined by the actions of Odysseus' himself, as well as those of his shipmates. In fact, the endeavor here is to portray how the delays and troubles encountered by O dysseus and his crew are due to their inability to exhibit proper self-restraint in conduct, expression, and indulgence of the appetites. This is undertaken in the proceeding text by an examination of two specific episodes from Homer's The Odyssey. The first episode being Book X of The Odyssey, entitled "The Grace of the Witch", containing Odysseus' encounter with the goddess Kirke. The second being Book V under the title of "Sweet Nymph and Open Sea," of how Odysseus departs the island of the nymph Kalypso. Both episodes are intended to demonstrate the importance of temperance in the journeys of Odysseus. Prior to a discussion of how temperance affects The Odyssey, it is good to discuss the concept of... ...ry for him to learn the virtue of temperance. If he is not able to moderate his impulses towards revenge, feasting, and lovely goddesses, then he shall always be doomed to roam upon the wine dark seas. Obviously he does learn this, since he does return to Ithaka without being smitten down by the gods, but he returns a different Odysseus. The new Odysseus realizes that there is more to living than a feast of roast meats and wine each night before the flawless bed of love of a lovely goddess. The new Odysseus wipes a salt tear from his cheek at the sight of an old hound that lays neglected (17.394). Works Cited Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. "Aristotle." Ancient Philosophy. 3rd ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. 304 - 444. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998.

Alfred Doolittle’s Lower Class Representation In Pygmalion Essay

Alfred Doolittle’s Lower Class Representation in Pygmalion Realist author George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion challenges England’s upper class to realize the pointlessness of their flamboyant lifestyle and pokes fun at this society. Shaw writes to expose the differences in the lifestyles of the social classes and how different characters react to their status. Shaw uses Alfred Doolittle and his social status to depict a character that freely accepts his status and his reaction to eventually moving up social classes. Because of his dislike of â€Å"middle class morality†, appreciation of and the freedom that accompanies his lower social status, and his eventual climb into the upper class, Doolittle presents a desire to remain in â€Å"undeserving poverty.† Doolittle, throughout the play, demonstrates a dislike for â€Å"middle class morality.† Before he becomes rich, Doolittle defines middle class morality as â€Å"an excuse of never giving me an ything.† Doolittle represents a dislike for middle class morality and wishes for â€Å"cheerfulness and a song† like those in the upper classes. Doolittle believes â€Å"middle class morality claims its victims.† Eventually Doolittle becomes a â€Å"victim† when he is given money to lecture. Doolittle becomes apart of the upper class but dislikes being viewed as a member of this society. Doolittle says that he believes lower class men look at him and envy him. Doolittle says he, in fact, will look down to the lower class â€Å"helpless and envy them.† Doolittle does not like the upper classes and â€Å"middle class morality.† Throughout the play, Doolittle presents characteristics that suggest he accepts his current lower class social status and enjoys the freedom associated with his status. When asked by Colonial Pickering if he has no morals, Doolittle Stokes 2 establishes his status and distance from upper class characteristics by replying, â€Å"I can’t afford them, Governor.† Doolittle comments to Henry Higgins that â€Å"undeserving poverty is my line.† Doolittle represents an individual who lives in poverty and accepts his current placement in society. He continues by saying, â€Å"I’m undeserving; and I mean to go on being undeserving.† Doolittle does not want to be apart of the upper class society because so much is expected of them. Doolittle is extremely happy being in his current social status. He says, â€Å"They (â€Å"millionaires†) don’t know what happiness is.† Doolittle believes the upper class is unhappy because they are living an imaginary life. Doolittle does not wish to be apart of the upper class because he would be expected to speak and act properly in order  to retain his status within the class. Doolittle, an â€Å"undeserving† member of the lower class, is comfortable and happy in his lower class social situation. Doolittle suddenly encounters money and is thrust into upper class society. Doolittle receives a share in a trust and is required to lecture for â€Å"three thousand a year.† Doolittle freely accepts the financial gain but soon realizes the social obligations that accompany it. Doolittle says, â€Å"I have to live for others and not myself.† Individuals who seek to take advantage of his newfound wealth surround him. Doolittle believes that â€Å"everybody touches me for money.† Doolittle sights one example of how individuals with money are treated better than those without money. Before he had money doctors would â€Å"shove† him out of the hospitals. Once the doctors realize Doolittle has money they â€Å"can’t live unless they looks after me twice a day.† Doolittle, who retains the personality of a Stokes 3 member of the lower class, is upset because people are using him for money. Doolittle feels his is now â€Å"expected to provide for everyone.† Doolittle says he â€Å"was happy before† he got the money. Doolittle, who is propelled into the upper class, recognizes people are using him. He wishes and strives to remain the same person he was before he encountered money. Doolittle’s dislike of â€Å"middle class morality†, appreciation of and the freedom that accompanies his lower social status, and his eventual climb into the upper class presents his desire to remain in â€Å"undeserving poverty.† Doolittle, a character who emerges financially from poverty to being rich, strives to maintain his lower class status and the way of life they accompanied this status. Shaw, by using Doolittle, successfully presents a character that is happy with and comes to appreciate his status in the lower class society and wishes to remain in that social class.

Risk Management at the Llondon 2012 Olympics Essays

Introduction and Background Introduction The objective of this paper is to define and analyse what risks management was carried out during the London Olympic Games, aspects of risk management such as how risks were identified, the type of risk analysis that was carried out, the risk responses opted in order to minimise threats, and how risks were monitored and controlled will be analysed further. After obtaining this information, a comparison with other Olympic Games will be analysed in order to learn what they did right, wrong, and how they managed risks. The comparison will be made to support recommendations on how The London Olympic games could have managed risks more effectively. Background The Olympic Games are one of the†¦show more content†¦The London Olympics had a total workforce of 200,000 people from whom 6,000 were staff, 70,000 volunteers and 100,000 contractors (International Olympic Committee (IOC), 2013). Knowledge area Risk management Risk management is used in a project in order to identify potential risks that can somehow affect its objectives. Risks can occur at any time and at any stage during the project, and they may be associated with a particular task, person or it can also be from an element outside the project. Any risks that occur at a very late stage in the project are more likely to have a bigger impact than those that occur at the beginning, because valuable work that has already been done can be loss or damage. Risk management is also important in large projects as it can help to minimised the impact of a risk or totally avoid it, it also can determined what are the actions to take in order to reduce the impact of a particular risk (Lock, 2007, p.99). Processes 1. Plan Risk Management In Plan risk process, the main objective is to define how to carry out all risk management activities. This process is very important as of it depends the success of the other five processes, thus it has to be a carful and precise planning. â€Å"Planning risk management is important to ensure that the degree, type, and visibility of risk

Odyssey The Journey to Find Oneself - 2280 Words

The Journey to Find Oneself â€Å"You must not cling to your boyhood any longer- It’s time you were a man.† (I: 341-42). The Odyssey is not only a story of the great Odysseus, but also a story of a young boy who finally gets to take a journey to find his inner self. Everyone goes through a stage in life where they feel lost, however, what differentiates people are the people who make changes verses the people who blame others for there misfortunes. Telemachus, Odysseus’ son, is a young boy going through this problem. Since he never had the father figure in his life, he blames that for his failures of never growing up or taking power. â€Å" He could almost see his magnificent father, here†¦ in the mind’s eye- if only he might drop from the†¦show more content†¦However, does Telemachus really feel this great confidence he portrays in his voice, or is he only acting this way in front of Mentes? He does show some intelligence when he thinks tha t Mentes might actually be Athena. However, after he speaks at the assembly in front of the whole town and suitors, we see that in fact Telemachus isn’t as confident as he tries to be. â€Å"Dear god, hear me! Yesterday you came to my house, you told me to ship out on the misty sea and learn if father, gone so long, is every coming home. . . Look how my countrymen- the suitors most of all, the pernicious bullies- foil each move I make.†(II: 293-99). When he is not speaking in front of the men and to himself he is still unsure of everything and wanting the help of the Gods. He is not yet fully confident in himself, especially not confident enough to take on the role of his father. Telemachus doesn’t show that he is ready or if he even really wants to embark on this trip. Luckily, Athena always had wise words in motivating Telemachus back into gaining his confidence. Telemachus stands up to the suitors one last time saying, â€Å"But now that I’m full-grown and can hear the truth, from others, absorb it too- now, yes, that the anger seethes inside me . . . I’ll stop at nothing to hurl destruction at your heads, whether I go to Pylos or sit tight here at home. But theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cultural And Religious Diversity On The World1701 Words   |  7 Pageswell as Job and God. The research of two ancient texts, Odyssey and Bible, show that the power and influence of the Hebrews’ God is more significant than the power and influence of any particular god in the Ancient Greek Olympus, which makes the human and the Divinity more distant in significance in the Hebrew image of the Universe, while both, the Greek gods and Hebrew God, provide mentoring for the human and guidance in human’s journey, to find the most favorable path in the earthly life. 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One is able to find one’s peace of mind by redeeming oneself, by doing something that ultimately makes up for the cause of guilt. In the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the story revolves around the two themes of betrayal and redemption. Ultimately, Hosseini exploits Amir’s odyssey to reveal the drastic transformation his character goes through from the moment he witnesses his best friend getRead MoreJohn Augustine s Confessions By Saint Augustine923 Words   |  4 Pagesfulfilled by alcohol, he himself tried to find to find fulfillment through others looking highly upon him and praising him. However, much like the pleasure the beggar received from consuming alcohol, the pleasure Augustine found through others gratification was only temporal. Augustine theorized that the true fulfillment th at he seeks can only come from living a life deemed worthy by God. This idea opposes the Grecian ideals found in Homer’s The Odyssey . For the Greeks, a person strived to make

Essay about Free Will and Determinism Views - 1610 Words

The aim of this essay is to prove the reliability of and why Libertarianism is the most coherent of the three Free Will and Determinism views. It refers to the idea of human free will being true, that one is not determined, and therefore, they are morally responsible. In response to the quote on the essay, I am disagreeing with Wolf. This essay will be further strengthened with the help of such authors as C.A. Campell, R. Taylor and R.M. Chisholm. They present similar arguments, which essentially demonstrate that one could have done otherwise and one is the sole author of the volition. I will present the three most common arguments in support of Libertarianism, present an objection against Libertarianism and attempt to rebut it as well as†¦show more content†¦In addition Campbell clarifies that for this to be accurate: predictability and unintelligibility of an act must be also true. These mean that no one could have done the choosing for them and that the act cannot be expl ained, respectively. However, if it does not follow one’s character, how is it a random act (also known as agent causality)? Likewise, one must be able to predict the behaviour of someone they know well. Even so, in the end it is all about probability, just like trying to predict weather. One cannot answer why, so it must be random because if one shows it necessarily had to happen, they are giving it a cause. So, all in all, why should one limit themselves to the outer person when there is an inner experience? There are actual meanings to acts and others will not know them. As a result one does have free will. Taylor’s view on Libertarianism is very similar. He believes that one has inner acts and that they are the sole creator of the act (so, they could have done otherwise). He says that it is the only thing that makes sense. It is a denial of any antecedent acts, character and the similar. Furthermore, he says that all actions are caused, but unlike in determinism, they are all triggered by the sole author themselves. A sole author in this case is a human, one that is capable of being the first to cause a chain. The sole author can initiate an action through itsShow MoreRelatedThe View That Determinism Is Not Incompatible With Free Will3559 Words   |  15 Pages11/01/2014 Compatibilism: Discussion and concerns Compatibilism is defined as â€Å"the view that determinism is not incompatible with free will.† In this holding, if determinism were valid, a person still has free will. One of the initial forms of compatibilism is the holding that to be imbued with free will â€Å"is simply for one’s choice to cause one’s actions. Free will is basically doing what one wants; in the example of Hume, free will is basically defined as â€Å"a power of acting or not acting, according toRead MoreComparing Compatibilism Vs Incompatibilism : A Compatibilist View1332 Words   |  6 PagesIncompatibilism: a compatibilist view Does determinism imply that there is no free will, as the incompatibilists argue, or does it allow for free will, as the compatibilists argue? Determinism is the doctrine, that every event, as well as human actions is determined by causes that are independent to the will. From determinism, two opposing views were identified. The incompatibilists view that determinism implies no free will, or the compatibilists view that determinism still allows for free will. The incompatibilistRead MoreEssay on Choice and Free Will1511 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Free will† is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate. Free will has long been debated by scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. 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Many famous psychologists take this approach such as Freud who believed that people’s behavior is controlled by unconscious factors and any conscious reasons given are simply the brain rationalizing actions to the superegoRead MoreDeterminism And Free Will Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesDeterminism and Free Will When the topic of metaphysics is mentioned, focus shifts to philosophical perspectives that give an explanation of the fundamental nature of being or existence and the universe that encompasses both. Metaphysics often seeks to answer basic questions, such as what is there and what is it like. One of the key branches of metaphysics is ontology, which refers to the philosophical study of the nature of existence, being, reality, or becoming. The significant ontologicalRead MoreJohn Chaffee s Philosophy Textbook1203 Words   |  5 PagesIn the beginning of chapter four of John Chaffee’s philosophy textbook we are confronted with a question, â€Å"are you free?† (Chaffee 2013 p.171). 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Determinism Essay783 Words   |  4 Pages Free Will nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Analyzing our individual free will can be very intriguing and can almost reach the point of being paradoxical. Ultimately, free will determines the level of responsibility we claim for our actions. Obviously, if outside forces determine our choices, we cannot be held responsible for our actions. However, if our choices are made with total freedom than certainly we must claim responsibility for our

Architectural Project Free Essays

Parliamentary buildings are always meant to attract different people meaning that the grander the structure, the stronger the public and national interest and reaction to them.   These buildings normally reflect the tradition and stability showing that they portray the image or the commanding presence of the state (Daniel, 1995). The parliamentary buildings are also known to provide ideals of national identity and pride of a given state showing its strength. We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Splendor and command, even majesty is always shown in the grandest of parliamentary buildings especially those in America in the nineteenth century. The Norman Foster New German parliament is a project of architecture since it has developed after destruction of many parliamentary buildings.   Attention was first devoted to German development, both in regard to the Bundestag building in Berlin (Michael, 1998). The Reichstag building is historical known for its richness in sensitive historical and political associations.  Ã‚   These buildings have raised some questions of national symbols, questions of the European traditions and democratic aspiration of the newly reunited Germany. This why there has been debates on whether the new parliament building is something to do with politics or architecture.   But in the real sense it is believed to be an architectural project following the changes that have been experienced in the field of architecture since early ages in the building and rebuilding of the parliament. (Dieter, 2003). Early architectural changes began from year 1949 – 1971 following reunification of Germany.   They started rebuilding projects and expanding the parliament in Bonn.   Architectural changes were undertaken from 1949 by a leading architect of the day by the name Haris Schwippert. He laid down a new chamber for the Bundestag which was completed for a short while. The project was made up of glass showing that they were a trademark of German post-war architectural style.   Several small developments existed to the parliament buildings site by 1969 when a large multi-storey building was erected to accommodate members and other services.   The building consisted of 30 storeys and was a notable landmark in Bonn region since it could be seen from Rhine. Towards the end of 1969 the federal cabinet ordered a stop to the adhoc building programs of the government in Bonn (Stephen, 2005).   The cabinet then formed a commission to look at a wider town planning implications of government office and parliamentary accommodation. Restructuring of the town and new buildings was an architectural concern in the country.   The parliament new building was to contain office blocks for government, child care facilities, an international conference center, new buildings for Bundestage, and the bundestrat and finally a hotel with apartment. All these led to a lot of complications and confusions.   This forced the different architectural firms to do some projects in collaboration with other firms. This led to further development in the redesigning of the Bonn parliamentary building from 1971 – 1992. (Foster, 2000). The architectural firms made a lot of restructural challenges, arrangements and consultation with the concerned citizens.   The revised plan was then announced or declared in the December 1978.   Further architectural competitions were experienced by this time. In1983 another complication emerged when it was found out that the fabric of the main chamber (plenarsaal) was seriously impaired. This required the parliament building to be demolished as it could not be re-built a according to the architectural findings. Various experts were called for advice and in the upshot it emerged that preservation of the existing building in its framework would greatly increase expenditure because of its unsuitable nature. The decision to build new parliamentary building was finally made after along discussion that did not want the building to be demolished.   Many stakeholders wanted the only affected chamber to be rebuilt (Corola, 2004).   However the demolition of the new chamber succeeded since the state government had limited power to intervene in matters affecting the federal parliament. The rebuilding of the chamber included other ancillary facilities adjacent to it meaning that the project was expected to be wider than just the chamber it self. (Jaeger, 1999). How to cite Architectural Project, Papers

NATO Essay Example For Students

NATO Essay NATOWe have already advanced the war on terrorism into Iraq, we have the ability to look back at it with additional knowledge. The expression, hindsight is 20/20, is also relevant. We have additional knowledge now that we did not have prior to advancing the war on terrorism into Iraq and that knowledge can easily influence our perspective. During the time prior to moving into Iraq, I think we, as a nation, reacted resolutely to stop terrorists and their ability to train. After the events of Sept. 11 the movement into Afghanistan I do not think met with much resistance by the American public. That same public opinion was different for the advance into Iraq. I think the previous action, namely the Gulf War, influenced that reaction as well. In the four major paradigms or schools of thought on international relations, the realist school of thought believes politics is a power struggle among nation-states. Thomas Morgenthau is the father of realism. Realists have little faith in international law or international organizations. The globalist school of thought focuses on economic interdependence of the global arena. Political and economic decisions in one industrialized nation have consequences for all other nations as well as non-state actors. We believe President Bush acted on Iraq primarily using the realist school of thought. The realists have little faith in international law or international organizations. The situation in Iraq had been degrading for some time as Saddam Hussein was not adhering to the resolutions from the Gulf War. We tried to get the international community and NATO to back us and agree with our position. But this didnt happen. I believe President Bush lost confidence in NATO and acted independently . Alternately, we acted with the globalist school of thought in regards to the war on terrorism. The globalist adheres to the idea that political decisions in one industrialized nation have consequences for all other nations. We believed that Iraq knowingly housed and harbored terrorists. We also believe that the government in Iraq knowingly and willingly financed and provided equipment to these terrorists. As such the globalist school of thought applies, as well, as the consequences of one nations political actions has consequences for other nations.